The Former Capital of Japan
The Former Capital of Japan
Kyoto was the capital of Japan for over a thousand years, from 794 AD (when it was established as the capital) until 1868, when the capital was moved to Tokyo (then known as Edo). The names "Kyoto" (京都) and "Tokyo" (東京) share similarities; "Kyoto" means "Capital City" (京 = capital, 都 = city), while "Tokyo" translates to "Eastern Capital" (東 = east, 京 = capital). This name change reflects Tokyo's new status as the capital. The emperor's relocation to Tokyo in 1868 marked the beginning of the Meiji Restoration, a period of modernization in Japan, and was a significant political decision aimed at centralizing power in the more strategic and accessible new capital. While the emperor's throne, or “Takamikura,” remains in Kyoto, the formal seat of power and government functions shifted to Tokyo, leading to ongoing cultural and historical significance for Kyoto, which retains many imperial connections. Historical context suggests that the residents of Kyoto felt a sense of loss or disappointment when the capital moved, as their city had long been a center of culture, politics, and religion. However, Kyoto continues to charm tourists with its abundance of ancient remains and traditions, in stark contrast to Tokyo's modernity.
Kyoto, located in the Kansai region of Japan, is renowned for its historical significance, stunning architecture, and rich cultural heritage. As the former capital of Japan for over a thousand years, Kyoto is often regarded as the cultural heart of the nation.
During its long history, Kyoto became a center for politics, religion, and culture, shaping many aspects of Japanese society. The city is home to numerous temples, shrines, and palaces, many of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Kyoto Excursions Ordered by Distance from Kyoto Station
Kyoto offers a wealth of places to explore, and I find myself discovering new locations each year. The city's architecture, urban planning, and gardens beautifully reflect its rich history, showcasing traditional wooden buildings, ornate temples, and serene landscapes. Here are some of the places I've visited:
1. Kyoto Station
A modern architectural landmark, Kyoto Station serves as a major transportation hub in the city. Opened in 1997, it features a striking design with a glass and steel structure, showcasing a blend of contemporary and traditional aesthetics. The station complex includes shopping centers, hotels, restaurants, and even an observation deck offering panoramic views of the city and surrounding mountains. Its expansive, open atrium is a popular gathering place for both locals and tourists.
2. Kamo River (Pontocho)Distance: 1 kmTravel Time: ~10 minutes on foot.The Kamo River runs through Kyoto and is famous for its scenic beauty and vibrant atmosphere, particularly along Pontocho Alley, known for its narrow lanes filled with traditional wooden teahouses and restaurants. The riverbanks provide a pleasant space for walking, dining, and enjoying the view.
3. Kyoto Shopping Street (Shijo-dori)
Distance: 1.5 km
Travel Time: ~15 minutes on foot.
Kyoto’s shopping streets, such as Shijo-dori and Nishiki Market, offer a variety of traditional crafts, food, and souvenirs. Visitors can explore shops selling local delicacies, handicrafts, and kimono, making it a vibrant area for both locals and tourists.
4. Shijo-doriDistance: 1.5 kmTravel Time: ~15 minutes on foot.Shijo-dori is one of Kyoto’s main shopping streets, bustling with activity and featuring a mix of modern shops and traditional establishments. It serves as a major thoroughfare for visitors exploring the city.
5. SumiyaDistance: 2.5 kmTravel Time: ~15 minutes by bus or taxi.Sumiya is a historic teahouse dating back to the Edo period, located in the heart of the Gion district. Renowned for its traditional architecture, Sumiya features elegant wooden structures, sliding shoji doors, and tatami mat flooring, all of which create an authentic atmosphere reminiscent of its storied past. Originally serving as a geisha house, Sumiya provides visitors with the opportunity to learn about the intricate culture of tea ceremonies while enjoying captivating performances of traditional arts.
6. Kiyomizu-deraDistance: 2.5 kmTravel Time: ~20 minutes by bus or taxi.Kiyomizu-dera is famous for its wooden stage that juts out over the hillside, providing breathtaking views of the cherry and maple trees below, particularly during the spring and autumn seasons. Founded in 778, this historic temple is part of the Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto UNESCO World Heritage Site. The name "Kiyomizu" means "clear water," referring to the waterfall running beneath the main hall.
7. Nijo CastleDistance: 2.5 kmTravel Time: ~15 minutes by bus or taxi.Nijo Castle is a historic castle showcasing traditional Japanese architecture and beautiful gardens. It is known for its "nightingale floors," which chirp when walked upon, serving as an alarm system against intruders. Built in the early 17th century, the castle was the residence of the shogun during his visits to Kyoto and is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
8. SannenzakaDistance: 2.5 kmTravel Time: ~20 minutes by bus or taxi.Sannenzaka is a picturesque, historic street in Kyoto, lined with traditional wooden buildings, shops, and tea houses. It leads up to Kiyomizu-dera and is famous for its charm, particularly during cherry blossom and autumn foliage seasons. The length of Sannenzaka is approximately 500 meters (0.5 kilometers). A leisurely stroll through this charming street, where you can take in the sights and stop at various shops and tea houses, typically takes around 30 minutes to 1 hour.
9. Shimbashi-doriDistance: 2.5 kmTravel Time: ~20 minutes by bus or taxi.Shimbashi-dori is a narrow street in the Gion district, known for its traditional architecture and atmosphere. It is lined with teahouses and is a popular spot for experiencing Kyoto’s geisha culture.
10. Kitano TenmanguDistance: 3 kmTravel Time: ~20 minutes by bus or taxi.Kitano Tenmangu is a Shinto shrine dedicated to Sugawara no Michizane, the deity of scholarship. Renowned for its beautiful plum blossoms in early spring, the shrine hosts an annual plum festival that attracts many visitors. It is especially popular among students seeking academic success. My family visits Kitano Tenmangu every year during the New Year, as my parents-in-law live in Osaka. Additionally, the main shrine in Fukuoka, Dazaifu Tenmangu, is undergoing renovations after 124 years. The construction began in 2023 and is take about three years to complete.
11. Keage InclineDistance: 3.5 kmTravel Time: ~15 minutes by bus or taxi.The Keage Incline is a historic canal that was once used for transporting boats. The pathway along the incline is lined with cherry blossom trees, making it a beautiful spot for hanami (flower viewing) in spring. The incline features a picturesque stone walkway and offers lovely views of the surrounding area.
12. Eikan-do Temple
Distance: 4 km (2.5 miles)
Travel Time: 15-20 minutes by car or taxi.
Eikan-do Temple, formally known as Eikan-dō Zenrin-ji, is a historic temple located in Kyoto, Japan. It belongs to the Jōdo-shū (Pure Land) sect of Buddhism and is renowned for its stunning autumn foliage, especially its maple trees. Originally founded in 863 AD as a Shingon Buddhist temple, it was later associated with the Jōdo sect, and its current name comes from a famous head priest, Eikan.
13. Nanzen-ji Temple
Distance: 5 km (3.1 miles)
Travel Time: 15-20 minutes by car or taxi.
Nanzen-ji Temple is a significant Zen Buddhist temple in Kyoto, originally built in the 13th century as a retirement villa for Emperor Kameyama. It features the iconic Sanmon Gate with panoramic views, the Suirokaku Aqueduct, and beautiful rock gardens. As a key site of the Rinzai sect, it's known for its serene atmosphere and stunning seasonal scenery, especially during cherry blossom and autumn foliage seasons.
14. ShisendoDistance: 5 kmTravel Time: ~20 minutes by bus or taxi.Shisendo is a tranquil temple known for its serene gardens and the beautiful architecture of its main hall. It was originally built as a retreat for a 17th-century poet and is celebrated for its peaceful atmosphere. The gardens feature seasonal flowers and are a popular spot for visitors seeking quiet contemplation.
15. Kinkaku-ji (Golden Pavilion)Distance: 6.5 kmTravel Time: ~30 minutes by bus or taxi.Kinkaku-ji is a stunning Zen Buddhist temple covered in gold leaf, located in the northern part of Kyoto. It is surrounded by beautiful gardens and a reflective pond, creating a picturesque view, especially when the temple is mirrored in the water. This temple, originally built as a retirement villa for shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu in the 14th century, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a symbol of Kyoto.
16. Ginkaku-ji (Silver Pavilion)Distance: 6.7 kmTravel Time: ~30 minutes by bus or taxi.Ginkaku-ji, or the Silver Pavilion, is another Zen temple in Kyoto. Though it is not covered in silver as its name suggests, it is known for its understated elegance and beautiful gardens. Established in the late 15th century, it reflects the ideals of the Higashiyama culture, emphasizing simplicity and natural beauty. The temple's moss garden and the iconic sand garden are particularly notable.
Photo Taken by MLbay
17. Fushimi Inari ShrineDistance: 8 kmTravel Time: ~10 minutes by train to Inari Station.Fushimi Inari Shrine is famous for its thousands of vermillion torii gates that wind up the sacred Mount Inari. Dedicated to Inari, the Shinto god of rice, the shrine is an important pilgrimage site and offers stunning views of the city from the top of the mountain. The site is known for its fox statues, which are considered messengers.
18. UjiDistance: 13 kmTravel Time: ~30 minutes by train.
Uji is a city located just outside Kyoto, famous for its high-quality green tea. The city is home to several historic sites, including the Byodoin Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and offers picturesque views of the Uji River.
19. Byodoin TempleDistance: 13 kmTravel Time: ~30 minutes by train.Byodoin Temple is one of the most famous temples in Japan, located in Uji. Built in the 11th century, it is renowned for its Phoenix Hall (Hoo-do), which features a stunning design and is reflected in the pond in front of it. This temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and serves as a symbol of Pure Land Buddhism. The intricate carvings and artwork in the temple showcase the elegance of Heian-period architecture. Additionally, Byodoin Temple is featured on the 10 yen coin, further highlighting its cultural and historical significance in Japan.
20. Iwashimizu HachimanguDistance: 14 kmTravel Time: ~30 minutes by train and taxi.Iwashimizu Hachimangu is a historic Shinto shrine located in the hills of southern Kyoto, dedicated to Hachiman, the god of war and protector of Japan. Renowned for its scenic views and beautiful architecture, the shrine attracts many pilgrims each year. Additionally, Iwashimizu Hachimangu has an intriguing connection to Thomas Edison. During his visit to Japan, Edison was particularly impressed by the quality of bamboo found in the region surrounding the shrine. He recognized bamboo's potential as a sustainable and versatile material for various applications, especially in his electrical inventions. Its lightweight, strength, and tensile properties made it suitable for a range of uses, including insulators and structural components. This connection highlights the fascinating intersection of innovation and traditional craftsmanship, illustrating how natural resources can inspire modern inventions. Edison's acknowledgment of bamboo also reflects the cultural values of sustainability and harmony with nature, which resonate deeply with the practices in the region.
This is the place where my daughter celebrated her Shichi-Go-San when she was 7 years old. Shichi-Go-San is a traditional Japanese festival celebrated on November 15th, honoring the growth of children aged 3, 5, and 7. Families take their children to a shrine to pray for their health and happiness, and children often dress in traditional attire, with girls wearing kimono and boys in hakama or formal kimono. It's customary to take photographs and enjoy special treats like Chitose-ame, long candies symbolizing a long and healthy life. This celebration reflects the importance of family and cultural values surrounding childhood in Japan.
21. SuikinkutsuDistance: 3 kmTravel Time: ~20 minutes by bus or taxi.Suikinkutsu is a unique water feature found in some Japanese gardens, including those in Kyoto. It is a type of musical water basin, where water drips into an underground chamber, creating soothing sounds. This feature enhances the tranquil atmosphere of gardens.
22. Seimei ShrineDistance: 4 kmTravel Time: ~15 minutes by taxi.Seimei Shrine is dedicated to Abe no Seimei, a legendary onmyoji (a practitioner of Japanese esoteric cosmology). The shrine is known for its beautiful gardens and serene atmosphere. It attracts visitors seeking protection and good fortune.
23. Saihoji Rinzai Zen TempleDistance: 5 kmTravel Time: ~25 minutes by bus or taxi.Saiho-ji is a renowned Rinzai Zen temple famous for its beautiful moss garden, which features over 120 different species of moss. The temple is designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is celebrated for its tranquil atmosphere and stunning natural beauty. Visitors must obtain a reservation in advance, and as part of the visit, they can participate in a short Zen meditation session and writing sutras, which enhances the spiritual experience. The temple's serene environment makes it a perfect retreat for reflection and contemplation.
24. Keihanna Commemorative ParkDistance: 20 kmTravel Time: ~40 minutes by car.Keihanna Commemorative Park is a beautiful space known for its stunning landscapes and recreational facilities. During the firefly season, visitors can experience a magical sight as many fireflies dance through the air, creating a mesmerizing display. This enchanting scene is often accompanied by musical performances, enhancing the serene atmosphere of the park. The combination of nature and art makes for a delightful evening, inviting families and friends to enjoy the beauty of the outdoors while appreciating the delicate charm of these glowing insects. The park serves as a perfect backdrop for creating lasting memories during this seasonal event.
Beyond many famous and well-known landmarks, one can easily discover charming hidden gems throughout the city. This vibrant locale boasts a rich history that has been lovingly preserved by the local community. As you wander through its streets, you'll encounter quaint cafes, unique boutiques, and beautifully maintained historical sites that tell stories of the past. These lesser-known spots not only offer a glimpse into the city's cultural heritage but also provide a more intimate and authentic experience, allowing visitors to connect with the essence of the place in a way that larger attractions may not. Embrace the adventure of exploring these charming corners, where each discovery adds to the tapestry of your journey.
Japan's Timeless Cultural Heart and Gateway to Tradition
Kyoto, once the imperial capital of Japan for over a millennium, remains a cultural and historical treasure, deeply embedded in the nation's heritage. Though the seat of political power shifted to Tokyo in 1868 with the emperor's relocation during the Meiji Restoration, Kyoto's cultural significance has endured. The city's architecture, shrines, temples, and gardens reflect its rich past, offering a window into Japan's traditional beauty and history. While Tokyo represents the modern and fast-paced evolution of Japan, Kyoto continues to enchant visitors with its preservation of ancient customs and landmarks, solidifying its role as the cultural heart of Japan.
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